Emphysema

Emphysema is a chronic lung disease in which the small air sacs of the lungs, called alveoli, are damaged and lose their elasticity. This hinders oxygen exchange and is part of the group of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases.

Common symptoms: Shortness of breath that increases with exertion, cough, a sensation of tightness in the chest, and fatigue when carrying out everyday activities.

Common causes: Smoking is the most associated factor, though prolonged exposure to smoke or irritant substances in the environment also plays a role.

Which specialist treats it? The pulmonologist is the go-to professional for lung diseases; the internist and the cardiologist may take part when related conditions are being evaluated. If you notice progressive shortness of breath or a persistent cough, the advisable course is to seek a professional evaluation to review your case.